Emile Durkeim, rational choice theory, Sykes and Matza

Chelsea Tirado Professor Lay Intro To Criminal justice 430-545 1. Emile Durkeim believed that deviance and or condemnable offence was a mean(prenominal) thing to do. He believed it to be a second nature. According to the textbook, he first noned that all human societies have abhorrence, even if at that place is differences in terms of what acts ar criminalized. He also saw that crime would not occur only if every single being in society agreed not to commit a bad act. This would not work because of all the human diversity in the world.Kai Erickson believes that deviant acts are considered along a norm that was violated. One function of deviance is to maintain control in socities. According to the textbook, Erickson states that each deviant act, the community has an luck to reflect on deviance and decide whether the boundaries of acceptable behavior should be strengthened, kept the same, or relaxed. Erickson and Durkheims views are both similar and different. Ericksons view h as more(prenominal)(prenominal) of a psychology base, meanwhile Durkheims view is a bit more straightforward. 2.According to the textbook, the sagacious choice possibleness is defined as an explanation for crime suggesting that offenders use a strategic thinking process to valuate the potential difference rewards and risks from committing a crime and make their decision accordingly about whether or not to commit the crime. It is a modern version of classical criminology using free provide as a philosophical base. In shorter words, when a criminal commits a crime, they have a decision process that goes with their head of both how to commit the crime, and the consequences if caught.When a criminal goes through and through the rational choice, they may also be deterred from committing the crime all together. According to the textbook, the sub use activities theory is defined as a theory that views crime and victimisation as a unction of peoples everyday behavior, habits, life style, living conditions, and social interactions. This theory suggests that crime occurs when three elements converge a motivated offender, a fitting target, and a lack of capable guardians.In shorter words, the routine activities theory explains that offenders are jolly much set in their ways. These two theories are both alike, simply mostly different. The rational choice theory suggests that a criminal goes through more of a thinking process as opposed to the routine activities theory that suggests that crime and victimization is a part of behavior. 4. Gresham Sykes and David Matza have a technique that is practiced with neutralization. Offenders learn to ignore social values and morals which in turn they commit a crime.Sykes and Matza came up with five techniques that may neutralize norms, and social values. The first one is abnegation of responsibility. According to this technique, criminals will tend to defer the fault from themselves. The second one is the denial of inju ry. The denial of injury is when a criminal will reason that the victim wasnt greatly harmed so it shouldnt be a big deal. The third one is denial of the victim. This heart that even though the criminal accepts guilt for ondemnation of the condemners.Condemnation of the condemners way that a criminal will reason with themselves that most people do the ill-gotten act. The criminals reasoning would be, But everyone does it The fifth one is appeal to higher loyalties. This means that the offender was inflicted with a decision amid violating the law and violating a trust. For example, this means that a family member, or friend may have requested that the criminal drives drunk to them because they need a ride home. Instead of violating the trust between the family member or friend, the offender will violate the law instead.