The Social Construction of Sexuality and Gender Article

The Social Construction of Sexuality and Gender - Article ExampleThe assortment of men and women into two binary groups is a universal phenomenon which in many another(prenominal) societies favors men thus creating proponent imbalances and gender inequalities. In Britain as well as throughout much of the world, notions of sexuality and gender rent historically been for granted and perceived to be natural. According to Jeffrey Weeks, We learned very early on from many sources that natural sex is what takes place with members of the opposite sex...The well-disposed processes through which this is taking place are complex. and the implications are clear, theyre the ones we still live with. In the first place, there is the assumption of a sharp tubercle between the sexes, a dichotomy of interest, even an antagonism (the battle of the sexes, which can only be precariously bridged. Men are men and women - and rarely the twain shall meet (Weeks, 1990, 13).Accordingly, while the sex o f an individual is ingrained and established at birth, gender and human sexuality are now understood to be molded by social forces and socially constructed concepts with important societal ramifications. Social constructivism is the belief that certain ideas, beliefs, behaviors, and concepts are socially constructed and shaped by environmental factors. The argument that gender roles were socially electropositive did not appear in scholarly literature until the 1940s with Kleins The Feminine Character and thus began an exploration into the arbitrariness of the social categories of male and female. Influential scholars such as Judith Butler, Jeffrey Weeks, and Michel Foucault have sought to shed light onto the socially prescribed nature of gender categorization, and onto the lives men and women throughout the world with an eye to the in the ramifications of the sexual and gender binary.

Macroeconomy of Poland Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macro parsimoniousness of Poland - Research Paper practicehis republic has established stable trade traffic with the rest of the world, where it cooperates with early(a) countries such as China, Japan, and Canada who be its major trade partners. This country provides Canada with the second largest market in central and eastern Europe, where in 2005, Canada exported a total of $266.7 million worth of goods to Poland and in turn imported goods worth 532.6 million (Krugman, 34). These countries and another(prenominal) European countries have established many investments in Poland, in the sectors of transportation, technology, and security. However, there are various challenges that face this country, regarding its providence. Among those challenges is the aline of the countries fiscal and monetary policies, towards adopting the euro. Another challenge facing the country is its labor force, where the country has a high gear rate of unemployment and low labor participation in the economic growth (Batara, 25). The country also suffers from a poor business environment, where the economy is dominated by major public sector investments, whose failure to privatise has hindered the favorable local and foreign investments into the country. Paramount of these challenges is the poor infrastructure for the agricultural sector, which this country possesses. The sector lacks coarse investment, has surplus of labor and has a shortage of small firms investment (Schwab, 60). The banking arranging in Poland is large, ranked as the biggest in east and central Europe (Batara, 28). The sector is highly developed, an aspect that has been contributed by the privatization of some banks by the government in the period 1992-1997. During this period, the government also restructured other banks and added more heavy(p) and infrastructure to them while at the same time putting...This paper aims to present a comprehensive upstart overview of the economy of Poland, in order to dete rmine macroeconomic tendencies in the country and to outline its economic perspectives. Until the 1990s, the economy of this country was centralized. However, from then on, the government has been trying to decentralize this and adopt a free market system of economy, which has served to steer the economic growth of this country to the present state. This notwithstanding, there are many other sectors of the economy which have remained resistant to change, which is desirable for a free market economyThe industrial base of this country is centralized around petrochemicals, machinery, fertilizers, electronics, car manufacture, and shipbuilding.This country established stable trade relations with the rest of the world, where it cooperates with other countries such as China, Japan, and Canada who are its major trade partners.The banking system in Poland is large, ranked as the biggest in east and central Europe. The sector is highly developed, an aspect that has been contributed by the pr ivatization of some banks. The government also restructured other banks and added more capital and infrastructure to them while at the same time putting in role policy reforms that greatly supported this sector. The future of the economy of Poland is promising. The county is constantly establishing vital political and economic relations with other countries to enhance its trade and investments, serving to spur the economic growth even further

ERP Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ERP - Assignment ExampleAccordingly, business representatives should use those communion sources which atomic number 18 suitable for customers according to their surroundings and societal status. skilful communication solutions are beneficial for making either business winning and successful in the market. This is confirmed that those companies which are presenting their business solutions with utilization of effective communication resources are capable to make their financial purposes achievable and obtainable without any hurdle. In this matter, people should succeed customer opinion strictly because this is linked with bringing betterment in financial achievements without any involvement and complex. This observance can be performed by all consumers and this is effective to present new and shining ideas for progression of business in the market place. Accordingly, concern of latest communication resources is also advantageous to take human beings opinions about performance and origination of specific products and services. A main disadvantage of ERP is linked with lack of institutionalize of those people which are performing with this commercial technique in the social order. The use of support of experts is the management of sensation in these conditions and this scenario is helpful for success of commercial objectives.Enterprise resource planning is a local source of business promotion and this is procurable for all humans according to their commercial and social objectives. Technical communication, performance measurement, utilization of latest sources is imperative for sensation of the business and this is an observable matter with the instance of presentation of latest products in the market. These solutions are complex free as clients can bring easiness and espousal in their social and commercial life. Accordingly, customers are also trouble free as they can acquire their desired services and make their life gratifying and pleasurable acc ording to their wishes and desires. Thus, technical communication

Strengths and Weaknesses of Genetic Testing Term Paper

Strengths and Weaknesses of contractable Testing - Term Paper ExampleIt has the cogency to detect the problem precisely and bears a huge potential. Advancements in the field would bring a bully future in the medical care. However, some societal responses towards the patrimonial analyzeing are non entertaining.Genetic try outing is basically a most modern technique of checking patrimonial disorders in which direct enzymes and new(prenominal) proteins have been taken. Genetic testing is used for various reasons that are career screening, pre nidation ancestral diagnosis, antenatal diagnostic testing, newborn screening, genealogical desoxyribonucleic acid test, predictive and pre symptomatic testing, forensic testing and parental testing. in that respect are various types of genetic testing that are newborn screening, diagnostic testing, carrier testing, prenatal testing, pre implantation genetic diagnosis, predictive and pre symptomatic test, forensic testing, parental test ing, research testing and pharmacogenomics. Newborn screening test is make just inspection of DNA molecule, proteins and definite metabolites have been taken for the detection of hereditary diseases such as genotypes, diversity and phenotypes. Biochemical tests are also included in genetic testing in which microscopic testing of stained or fluorescent chromosomes and gene product as after the nascence of despoil for checking genetic disorder phenylketonuria (mental illness) and congenital hypothyroidism (disorder of thyroid gland). Diagnostic test is a genetic testing displace be done in a whole life of a person. It is done when physical mutation and its symptoms appear. Carrier testing is done to check in both of the parents who carry genetic mutation and after checking that the tests give information regarding the risk of having a child with the same genetic mutation. antepartum testing is done before the birth of child. It detects transformations in fetus genes before the b irth of child. After this test people gets information regarding the risk to having baby. In addition, after that test they decide whether to give birth to baby or abort. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is done on human embryos in vitro fertilization process. Predictive and preclinical testing is done to check that type of genetic mutations that appear after birth such as cancer (Sequeiros and Guimaraes, 2008). In predictive testing, the tests give information regarding the developing chances of the same mutation, which your ancestors (genes) have but not find in you while testing. In presymptomatic test, the test give information that genetic mutation will appear in the person or not. Forensic tests are done for recognizing the person uses DNA sequences such as for catching the thief and for creating relationships among people e.g. paternity. Parental testing is used for recognizing the similar heritage pattern among related individual by using DNA markers. Moreover, through the se DNA markers u can easily test the parent individually. Research testing is done to know that how genes work. Pharmacognomics test is done for checking the ever-changing in genes after using drugs. A normal human may have 20,000 to 25,000 genes in their genomes. A little mutation in the genes may result in cancer or could be as little as retardation (Imgargano, 2009). Genetic testing has many types. Among these types, the commonly known is the parental genetic testing, which involves the detection of any genetic mutation before the birth of the child. However, the detection method is quite perilous and can be a reason for the miscarriage. Introduction Genetic testing is the possible future woodpecker for the medical care. If advantages are considered, the genetic testing may be a helpful tool in recognizing a person

Air Traffic Control and the operations of Airports all around the Essay

Air Traffic Control and the operations of Airports wholly told around the world - Essay ExampleNowadays these arrangings break been modernizing by means of latest electronic and information technologies available. Thus, the air traffic control and airport operations s mob provide ever part service to humanities of the world.The modernized air traffic controlling system is equipped with sophisticated instruments ilk radar, radio and wireless communication and computer facilities to locate the flying aircraft. Many trained personnel have been working together at the ground offices to provide better service to flying aircrafts and airports. They monitor all airborne signals and give proper instructions and guidelines as required. They can trace out the locations and speed of the aircraft on voyage. Sometimes they need to inform concerned superiors to provide expert instructions for overcoming complicated situations. Their main designate is developing an environment that is very much safe for the free flying of the aircrafts. Thus, the number of aircraft carrying out the flights can be increased considerably. They are in like manner authorized to warn aircrafts if they come closer each other. The pilots and crew of the aircrafts work closely with air traffic controllers for the proper management of the air traffic system. They are overly capable to predict the weather conditions prevailing around airports. So according to predictions they can arrange for the safer pack off and landing of airplanes. This weather information is beneficial not only to flight passengers but also to industries which mainly depends on air cargo carriers to transport their products, materials and officials. Thus, these trained personnel have become the full part of air traffic and airport operations.The air traffic control consists of three main phases. The prime(prenominal) phase is the rules and regulations to be followed by the pilots during flight. Second is the navigatio n system and instruments which work on the basis of electronics. This system and instruments

Industrial relations in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Industrial relations in the UK - Essay ExampleThe British take and its role in the industrial relations of the country support be considered as one of the just about signifi put forwardt exhibition of the effects of the policies undertaken by the government and applied through the decisions undertaken by the nation. Through the flux of recital of the country, the past 30 years scum bag be considered as the most strong subject of study. This is due to the fact the most noteworthy decisions undertaken by the British government are undertaken during this ear. It can in fact be noted that the past decades comprise the most dynamic period in the countrys history (Ackers and Wilkinson 2005).The importance of the past 30 years in the British history specifically in the verbal expression of the effects of governance and the role of the commonwealth with respect to industrial relations. The result that was considered to be the main event that altered and made the greatest impressio n in the development if the countrys economy and industrial relation is during the wad Union Law in 1979. The said law is related to the development that had occurred in the last 30 years in the industrial relations of country. ... The period prior to the legislation, was the establishment of policies that are unrelated to the legislation. in that location are even the developments of certain policies that were aimed to improve the industrial relations of the country but on the other(a) hand are unrelated to the role of the stir. Upon the attainment of the legislation that works on the role of the state in the improvement of the issues related a renewed phase dawned, the recognition of the role of the British state in the countrys industrial relation (Clark, 2000).The realm that set the course of the British state and its role can then be analyze through the events that marked the development in the status and the participants in the industrial sector.The Changes and Development s in the Role of the StateThe history of the role of the British state regarding the industrial relations can be studied on the basis of the events that happened prior to the 1979 legislation, the contemporary events and situations simultaneous to the commencement of the legislation and the scenario upon the carrying into action of the altered role of the state.The early part in the history of the British industrial relations can be considered as one of the most difficult and trying st be on. This can be related to the age of war during the said period. On the other hand after the war, the development of the alliance between the nations in the Atlantic region became one of the significant factors affecting the industrial relation (Clark, 2000).One of the most significant concepts is the Atlanticism which is also referred to as the Atlantic alliance between the nations in the

Pig Growth Rates in Vietnam Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Pig reaping Rates in Vietnam - Article ExampleThe data of litter mortality, birth angle, farm of origin, year of birth, and cargo of big after cardinal one days concerning a sample of one thousand pigs were undisturbed and recorded. The purpose of the study is to compare growth performance of these two breeds of pigs by analyzing the effect of the different factors monitored in isolation and combined on the growth of pigs represented by their second-rate weight after twenty one days of their birth.To determine the relationship between the Day 21 average shoat weight and the various influences monitored during the experiment such as breed, farm of origin, year of birth, litter mortality and birth weight, the pursuance Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analyses were examinedThe non- numerical value of Breed was encipherd numerically so that Breed equals one for Landrace (L) piglets and equals to postcode for Yorkshire (Y). Regression analysis was applied with the numeri cal representation of breed as the in subordinate shifting and the dependent variant Day 21 average weight. Table 1 summarizes the results of the regression analysis.Table 1 shows adjust R-squared of -0.00078 which means the independent variable breed predicts 0.07% of the dependent variable Day 21 average piglet weight. T-stat for this variable is 0.46674 so it is statistically insignificant. Both values quest changes in breed do not affect the Day 21 average piglet weight.Regression analysis was applied... 0.000218Adjust R2-0.00078Standard misunderstanding0.793569Observations1000Table 1 shows adjusted R-squared of -0.00078 which means the independent variable breed predicts 0.07% of the dependent variable Day 21 average piglet weight. T-stat for this variable is 0.46674 so it is statistically insignificant. Both values indicate changes in breed do not affect the Day 21 average piglet weight. 4.2 abbreviation II Relationship between Day 21 average out Piglet Weight and set up of innovationThe non-numerical value of the farm-of-origin variable is numerically encoded to allow statistical analysis of the variable victimization the following code shown in table 2. Table 2 Encoding of Farm of credit line into Number Farm of OriginNumerical CodeA1B2C3D4E5F6G7Regression analysis was applied with the numerical representation of farm of origin as the independent variable and the dependent variable Day 21 average weight. Table 3 summarizes the results of the regression analysis. Table 3Regression results for Day 21 Average Piglet Weight as a function of Farm of OriginIndependent VariableEnumerated Farm of OriginDependent variableDay 21 Average Piglet WeightConstant5.038045Coefficient-0.04348T Stat-2.87992R20.008242Adjust R20.007248Standard Error0.790379Observations1000Table 3 shows adjusted R-squared of 0.007248 which means the independent variable farm of origin predicts 0.7% of the dependent variable Day 21 average piglet weight which is save a small influ ence but with more effect than the breed variable. T-stat for this variable is -2.87992 so it is statistically significant. Both values indicate the limited effect of breed in Day 21 average piglet weight. The Day 21 weight can be predicted to some limited extent using the equationDay 21 Average Weight

Pollutions and External Costs Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Pollutions and External Costs - Case Study ExampleThe externality can be con placementred as one of the most important concepts which can be perceived on the basis of several(predicate) aspects. The externality can refer to the cost of the factors that can affect business transactions mainly the classify that used the factor to be able to be related to a group. Thus, the externalities then can be perceived in cases wherein the group creation supplied gains profit (Gibson, 1996). Due to the fact that every factor and element of the environment even the economic aspect can be considered to have a price. For that matter, the sale of the products being produced can be of great achievement to the supplier company, although it can be considered as an confirmative effect. In the study of the effects of externality, it is important to determine that the effects of the said concept can either be positive or prohibit (Gibson, 1996 Hussen, 2000). A negative externality can be perceived w hen the side of the production or consumption of a particular product. One of the most significant examples of a negative externality in consumption is pollution. In such case then, externalities can be considered as an effect of the failure of the 3rd group. On the other hand, externality can also be positive wherein indirect actions in the society can improve the chance for good transactions. An example is the development of different types of remedies and medicine (Gibson, 1996 Hussen, 2000). The presence of externalities can be questioned in terms of efficiency. This can be attributed to the fact that a trunk targets the efficient use of every part and every material. Due to the fact that externalities are based on the indirect effects of different factor, a sign of being weak, the study of the implications of externalities is a vital write out (Gibson, 1996 Hussen, 2000).

Case Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case Analysis - Assignment Example imprimatur of habitability that apartment chartered is fit and habitable for human habitation (Implied Warranty of Habitability http//www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/implied-warranty-of-habitability-lawyers.html). There has been a violation of this implied warrant when the roof started leaking and the Lessor made no effort to repair the same.2. The action of Violet is justified. The tenant has a function under the doctrine of Constructive Eviction to terminate the lease contract for the apartment has become repugnant for the purpose for which it was leased.Under this doctrine the tenant is given the right to vacate the lease without further get obligation, if she does so promptly after giving the landlord reasonable notice and opportunity to correct the problem. (Mallor, Barnes. Brewers & Langvardt Business law of nature The Ethica, Global, and E- Commmerce Environment 13th ed. McGraw Hill companies 2007 p.

Effect of Immigration on New York City Research Paper

Effect of immigration on late York City - Research Paper ExampleWriting ab off New York Citys population, Nathan glazer noted, If the United States remains the permanently unfinished country, to an even greater degree the same is true for New York City (Vecoli, 567).Various reports show that immigration continues to shape the city. Immigrant flows are at an all time tall since the peaks at the turn of the century. Immigration to the city in the 1990-2000 periods stood at approx 13,000 annually, a 32 percent gain over the average of 86,000 in the 1980s. (Lobo, 12) This growth mirrored the increasing flow of immigrants to the country as a whole as a result, immigrants to the city constituted nearly 15 percent of all immigrants to the U.S. in both the 1980s and 2000s. (Martin, 02) This article examines the nature of these recent immigrant flows and their impact on the citys population.Traditionally, immigrants to the city have been disproportionately from the Caribbean and South Ame rica relative to the nation, which has been more likely to get immigrants from Asia and Mexico. The Caribbean comprised 33 percent of the flow of immigrants to the city, further only 12 percent of the flow to the nation in the 2005-2009 periods. ... Likewise, Asians were 26 percent of the citys flow merely comprised 42 percent of entering immigrants to the nation. (Martin, 5)The 2000s marked resurgence in European immigration to New York City, and a decline in the share of Caribbean flows. Immigration from Europe stood at 22 percent, more than twice the aim of 9 percent in the 1990s. (Vecoli, 562) Caribbean immigration, which stood at 40 percent of the total in the 1990s, dropped 7 points in the 2000s. However, the share of the Hispanic Caribbean (primarily the Dominican Republic) actually increased while there was a decline in flows from non-Hispanic Caribbean nations such as Jamaica, Haiti, and Barbados. Flows from Guyana, an English-speaking South American nation with a heavy Caribbean influence, also declined. The tot of African immigrants to the city, while small, has been increasing steadily over the past three decades and comprised just over two percent of entering immigrants.The reason that immigrants are able to find jobs in the New York City and barf a lot of people out of work is because they often take the low-paying jobs that most Americans dont want to do. until now though a lot of people may not like immigrants because they are putting them out of jobs, immigrants in this economy today are helping to keep inflation low, improve housing values, and pull ahead taxpayers (Martin, par. 12). In other words, immigration helps provide an increase to the U.S. economy. The only people that are really world hurt right now by immigrants are those people without high school degrees (Gelfand and Yee, par. 10). Every twelvemonth they fight against immigrants for jobs and their wages just seem to keep getting lower.Immigrants who see their relatives a nd friends leading a get out life

Private Equity in Developing Countries Case Study

Private paleness in Developing Countries - Case Study ExampleExit might be accomplished by means of preliminary public offering (IPO) of the investee companys stocks on a stock market, or by offering the investment to a trade purchaser or a different fund.The foregone many years have observed a growth in undercover equity transaction in the developing world. This continues to be fuelled mainly by institutional traders located in America. The causes of this progress argon many. Among them has been the latest quick development of numerous developing nations and the recreation of curtails on international savings in lots of these nations. Possibly just as crucial has been the current insight by numerous institutional traders that the profits from private equity assets in the U.S. will probably decline in forthcoming years. (Claessens 78) small-arm detailed data is difficult to find, a handful of instances can help depict these habits. In 1994 alone, private equity revenue located i n Hong Kong and China brought up a full amount of $3.1 million in funds. Two-thirds of the capital originated from outside Asia, with the solitary biggest supply being U.S. establishments. This total was greater than the total produced by specialist private equity establishments there since the initial fund was brought up in Hong Kong in 1981. In 1994 and 1995, Latin American revenue produced $1 .4 billion. This symbolized many times the quantity that had been brought up in the past times by revenue in the area. India, Eastern Europe, South Africa, and Israel are simply some of the other places where a variety of private equity funds have long been or currently are straight off being produced. Furthermore, funds founded in the U.S. are more and more spending instantly in deals in the developing world, frequently in combination with these funds.Traders started to deem growing markets when planning some new investment territories in the past due 1990s. PE is usually related to high profits on investment in comparison to other forms of

Controversy in the movie The Birth of a Nation and how it effected Essay

Controversy in the movie The rescue of a Nation and how it effected Jazz and blues for that time period - Essay ExampleThe movie was in controversy even during its making and Griffith could release it after he took permission from the court. The NAACP even managed to have most of the movies harshest scenes deleted particularly a scene proposing that blacks be sent back to Africa to keep the nation free from these ruffianly and brutish forces (africanamericans.com par 5).The Birth of a Nation Scenes that provoked protests The controversial scenes from movie have incited racial crimes, protests and till date the screening of movie faces difficulties. The scene where a former black slave ingenuously proposes Fiona, A white girl and daughter of Cameron family. She turns down the proposal and runs into the forest. Gus pursues her and when the girl is trapped, seeing no focal point out she jumps to death to avoid being raped. The Klansmen search Gus, lynch him and leave the corpse at the door of Silas Lynch. The Blacks atomic number 18 shown as lurid, versed miscreants in the movie, which enraged people. In yet another scene The Mulatto leader, Silas Lynch, who was governor to South, forces Elsie, the daughter of his mentor Austin Stoneman, to marry him. He traps her on her refusal and when Klansmen come to know his designs they ride to cede her. Incidentally the rescue of Elsie is the highlight of movie as well. Here two sequences run parallel viz. Klansmen riding to rescue the girl and Lynchs military searching for Cameron boys and other Klansmen. There are other scenes where the whites of conjugation are sheltered for Aryan Birthright by Whites of south though they had been enemies earlier in the civil war (in Birth of a Nation by Griffith). The portrayal of the Klan in the movie also created a firestorm of controversy. In the movie, they are the heroes, saving their community from the violent, bloodthirsty Negroes. The movie is accused of reactivatin g the dormant Klan. The movie ends with the suppression of the black little terror to white society by the glorified Ku Klux Klan (KKK). Which helped to subside some of Americas fears about the rise of defiant, strong and sexual black men and the repeal of laws forbidding interracial marriage. The birth (Shortened from full name of the movie) made many critics to Griffiths rick so he made a sequel, almost equally magnificent four story desperate about human intolerance titled Intolerance (1916). A group of independent black film makers replied with managing director Emmett J. Scotts The Birth of a Race in 1919, A film to counterbalance the impact of Griffiths masterpiece, to show a more positive human body of African-Americans, but it could not attract much public attention. Instead, black filmmaker Oscar Micheauxs first film, the feature-length The Homesteader (1919), and Within Our Gates (1919) proved more effective in rectifying the black image projected in Griffiths film ( Dirk par 8). The controversies about The Birth of a Nation In its absolutely revere presentation of the KKK as heroes and Southern blacks as antisocial elements threatening to destroy the society by their violent behavior. Blacks were shown as villains and rapists. The

How much IT involved in Auditing to (reduce Duration, Cost and Dissertation

How much IT involved in Auditing to (reduce Duration, Cost and increase Efficiency and Effectiveness), compare and contrast stud - Dissertation ExampleTo analyse the authentic scenario, this look work has adopted qualitative survey method for collecting info about the research scenario. entropy have been accumulate from twelve different transcriptions that have implemented IT based auditing tools. The data collected were interpreted properly and subjected to Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) compend to obtain the results of the research. It has been found that IT based auditing tools reduce the time of analysis and data retrieval. They provide good availability of data. They are more(prenominal) accurate, efficient and effective in conducting audit procedures. The woo involved in implementing and of importtain them is considerably more. Comparing United Kingdom and Kurdistan, United Kingdom is more extensively using IT based audit tools than Kurdistan. Table of contents Chapter 1 - interrogation trigger 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Research Scenario 1.3. Statement of the research Problem 1.4. Aim of the Research 1.5. Main Research Question and Hypotheses 1.6. reaching and Significance of this Research 1.7. Methodology of Research 1.8. Qualitative survey method 1.9. Data collecting puppet 1.10. ... Chapter Summary Chapter 3 Research Methodology 3.1. Research Methods 3.2. Qualitative survey method 3.3. Qualitative taste 3.4. Qualitative Data Collection 3.5. The Qualitative Questionnaire 3.6. Validity and Limitations of the data 3.7. Chapter Summary Chapter 4 - Research Data Analysis 4.1. Qualitative Data representation 4.2. General Qualitative Data Analysis 4.3. SWOT analysis 4.4. SWOT analysis of qualitative data 4.5. SWOT analysis of Research data 4.6. Chapter summary Chapter 5 Discussion of Results 5.1. Discussion of Results 5.2. Hypotheses testing with SWOT factors 5.3. Recommendations Chapter 6 Research Conclusion References L ist of tables Table4.1. SWOT factors in table form List of figures Figure. 2.1. IT in different stages of auditing Fig.4.1. The SWOT matrix representation of the factors. Chapter 1 - Research Introduction 1.1. Introduction This chapter provides an introduction about this research work with the research problem statement, aim of the research, main research question and the methodology of research to be adopted. 1.2. Research Scenario The methods of auditing have changed significantly in the youthful past due to the advancements in IT. Notable standards for the effectiveness in auditing have evolved. The quality of auditing is critical for fiscal reporting and auditing (FRC, 2008). Auditing involves the presentation and discussion of financial statements of an organisation. The discussion may be among the audit team and the guide level management. Auditing is considered to be critical activity in view of the overall capital assets and market confidence. kick in auditing practices a re quite adequate but their data authenticity is less. This may be detrimental to an organisation as they suffer from

The epic of gilgamisg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The epic of gilgamisg - Essay ExampleEnkidu, on the separate hand, is more courageous, and he prefers the wild ways of the countryside, and the company of animals. It is Enkidu who is more willing to take on the quarrel of involution and heroic deeds, which actually makes him the appear to be the better choice for a great leader. Enkidu ends up organism killed, however. In some way he is like a tragic hero who sacrifices himself for his friend.I thought it was weak of Gilgamesh to become so depressed after Enkidus death, because the whole point of being a great leader is that you have to learn to overcome sadness and steadfastlyships in life, so that you tin can concentrate on what is best for your people. The ending of the story shows Gilgamesh coming through that phase, and realizing what his responsibilities are. He is more realistic, and stronger, convey to the difficult experience of wandering through the world without his friend and brother Enkidu. This kind of hero is l ittle dramatic than Enkidu, but in the end it is the sober and sensible king who brings glory to his people, and so mayhap the message of the story is that it takes different kinds of hero to lead a great people. Bravery in battle is all very well, but the ability to rise up after lifes hard knocks is also a very valuable

Radio Coverage Comparisons Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Radio Coverage Comparisons - appointee ExampleII. Event Being Covered (116 words) The event being covered are the protests over the summit that would effectively shut down Wisconsin unions ability to collectively bargain. Protesters have been inside the capitol of Madison for over a week now, protesting the passage of the bill in the Senate. Senate Democrats have fled the state according to WTMJ.1 WTMJ is Milwaukees top-visited radio station. correspond to a account obtained from WIBA, Madisons radio station, if Senate Democrats refuse to return to Wisconsin and cast their votes in the neighboring day the option to refinance a portion of the states debt will be off the table.2 This essence that, if Democrats dont return to the bargaining table, jobs will be cut for sure. III. Where Each Radio tarradiddle is Broadcasting From (25 words) As mentioned before, WTMJ is broadcasting from Milwaukee, while WIBA is broadcasting from Madison in Wisconsin where the protests are taking bo ttom in the capitol. IV. How Does Geographic Location Affect The Way Information is Being Presented? (32 words) WTMJ did not mention this document presented by Scott Walker. Since the protest is taking place in Madison, it is probably due to geographical location that the soften information is at WIBA. V.

Generation & people Essay Example for Free

Generation pack EssayIt is interesting to study what makes a generation, before we go into whether generational factors play a profound role in making one more automatic to do or successful. It is generally accepted that a generation does not necessarily mean the equivalent age people. It is rather the set of influences that worked on them during their formative years that makes their generation distinct. What is more important is that they portion out the same formative experiences. The whole theme of generation factor is based more on notification and theories than on any dependable evidence. Our common sense tells that it is not so lots the persons date of birth that defines them it is rather what influences they were exposed to during their formative years and some time thereafter that is important. check to Rhode and Platteel, formative experiences produce powerful symbols from which arises a sense of a new generation. The plasticity of our brains, besides responding to the people and training to which we expose it, also responds, for good or for bad, to the technology all around us television, movies, alert phones, e-mail, laptop computers and the Internet (The New Brain Dr Richard Restak.2003) The strongest influences on the generation y are the well cognise world brands and their products. They have successfully created a generation which is prosperous, happy and well adjusted. (By David Plotz. 1999). These influences play a key role in making the minds of the generation. Undoubtedly, all these will create openness in their approach resulting in willingness to do what think right.They are quite different from the previous generations which were more skeptical lacking the much needed information and guidance, reserved and unwilling to take risks. Now, the brand touches the mindset and the heartstrings of a large balance wheel of VG by offering the attitude for living Just do it. (David Plotz. )ReferencesDavid Plotz (1999). The American Tee nager. Why Generation Y? http//slate. msn. com/id/34963/ Richard Restak. ( 2003) . The New Brain. Rodale Ltd Rhode Platteel. (1999). Symbol Soup, Thames Hudson, ,

Who Is Jesus Essay Example for Free

Who Is Jesus EssayTo say who Jesus Christ is indoors one essay would be an impossibility. However, as a servant of my Lord and Savior, I will crusade to explain who my precious Jesus is. Who is Jesus? He is the countersign of God and He is also the Son of man. He is the atonement for our sins he is the King of glory. Jesus is the bright and morning star and a flop counselor and teacher. He is the great physician and the bread of breeding. Jesus is the bread of life the first and the at long last the Alpha and the Omega. He is the King of kings and the Lord of lords.To me, personally, Jesus is my strength and the best thing that has ever happened to me He is my Savior my Redeemer and my best friend. And what He is to me, He desires to be to the social unit world. He is the good Sheppard He gives life for the sheep. (John 1011, King James Version)Jesus mission to the world is to seek and save that which is lost. The whole reason he left Heaven and came to this earth and was crucified was so that we could be saved by His blood. We realize what his mission was by reading His holy word, the Bible. John 316 says For God so love the world that He gave His only begotten Son that whosoever believeth on Him should not perish but bring everlasting life.So, in conclusion, let me say that this Jesus that I am describing is the reason for living and without Him, life would not be worth anything. I love Him so much. But, most of all, He loves me.

Internet and Our Social Life Essay Example for Free

Internet and Our Social Life EssayFor a few decades now, the internet has been an important gear in the ticking clock we like to call everyday liveness. Its signifi evictce and habit is ever growing, as well as the number of areas in which it has crept in. The phenomenon that is the internet brought power at the shoot of a mouse, however as it goes with power, consequences are inevit up to(p).The internet is, undoubtedly, the largest source of in impressation today. It is also a working tool for managing bank accounts, staying in touch with friends and communicating with people all over the world, with technology that enables you to at the same time talk while looking at the person on screen and even hold pictorial matter conferences. But practicality and availability of information are not the scarce things that attract internet users. In online brotherly communities, forums and game rooms people are given the opportunity to be whoever they want to be. The internet gi ves us virtual clay which we can use to mold our identities in any way we want. Especially in game rooms, people tend to fantasize and invent characters in order to compensate for the lack of their own. That is how a regular John Doe can go to his boring work every morning, but get on with back home, turn his computer on and become Zyborg, the hero from outer space.The cyber space can be used as a resort when real life is difficult to deal with. For example, people with deplorable self-esteem or people who lack social skills will probably find online chatting much easier than lecture to the person face to face. Such use of internet can make ones life much interesting or less stressful, but too much time and dedication to it can lead to serious social and psychological consequences. If a person perishs too much time on the computer, with its virtual character and virtual friends, he develops a virtual life which he may pick out more than the real one. Consequently, even though he might feel satisfied and safe, he does more damage than good by neglecting some important parts of his regular life such as time with his family, health, responsibilities and productivity. Lately, a diagnosis called Internet addiction disorder has been introduced for people who are thought to spend too much time on the internet. This issue is facing its beginning and it is still disputed whether it is a real disorder.But according to Dr. Maressa Orzack between 5% and 10% of internet users suffer some form of internet dependency and she lists withdrawal, loss of control, and compulsive behavior as some of the effects. Online dating sites, which people chide in order to find a partner for romantic or sexual relationship, have make courtship easier, but, paradoxically, there have been many cases in which the internet was the prime cause of ending a relationship, marriage or even filing lawsuits.With internet becoming more and more integrated into our lifestyles it is only normal th at the effects, both positive and negative, be visible in all aspects of our lives, including socializing. It is nice to be able to see your sister who lives miles away smile for you on screen as if she were in the room with you, or exchange e-mails with a person who you normally wouldnt have the courage to come up to, but it would be a scary thing if cafes would become empty and internet networks overloaded with Zyborgs.

Macbeth by Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

Macbeth by Shakespe atomic number 18 EssayShakespeares play Macbeth follows the sad precipitation of a great man. Macbeth was once thought of as noble and valiant but by the end of the play, a dead butcher. The murder of King Duncan marks the beginning of Macbeths downfall. This is much a conduct of Macbeths vaulting dream than his intuitive feeling in the supernatural. However, it is Macbeths ruling in the supernatural that makes him continue on the lane to downfall and ultimately lose all his honourable qualities. In Macbeth the witches symbolise the supernatural. The weird sisters evoke Macbeths ambition they know how Macbeth will react to their prophecies so they toy with him and deceive him by saying oneness social function but meaning another. The witches suck in no conscience they cause mischief on purpose and bed it. The witches provide the foundation for Macbeths downfall by telling him that he shalt be king hereafter. When Macbeth hears the witches propheci es, horrible imaginings are opened in his mind. Unlike Banquo who dismisses the witches prophecies, Macbeth contemplates regicide. The witches plant the seed to Macbeths downfall. He wants the witches to stay, you imperfect speakers. Tell me more. This shows that Macbeth believes in the intellection that he can be king, and that he perhaps has thought about regicide before. peeress Macbeth is also a large contributing factor to the regicide. If Lady Macbeth was not behind Macbeth plotting the death of King Duncan and manipulating Macbeth into doing The deed, none of the deaths would have occurred, therefore there would be no downfall for Macbeth. Macbeth believes that if disaster will have me king, why chance may crown me without my stir, whereas after Lady Macbeth reads the letter Macbeth sends to her, without hesitation, she thinks of regicide. Lady Macbeth knows that Macbeth is too full othmilk of human forgivingness and that she will have to persuade him. in spite of Macbeth wanting to proceed no further of this business, Lady Macbeth convinces him by questioning his pride, but screw your courage to the sticking-places, and saying that only when you durst do it, then you were a man.Lady Macbeth sees her femininity as an obstacle towards achieving her ambition, so she calls upon you spirits that tend of mortal thoughts to stop up the annoy and passage to remorse.After Macbeth is settled and bend up about the murder of King Duncan, he develops a depravity complex which causeshim to see hallucinations. Just before Macbeth carries out the regicide, he sees an illusion of a dagger, he questions is this a dagger which I see before me, or a dagger of the mind, a false creation. Macbeth tardily becomes more and more paranoid.Immediately after the regicide he thinks he hears voices crying sleep no more Macbeth does murder sleep. The more paranoid Macbeth becomes the more people he murders, and the more people he murders the more paranoid he becomes, this is one of the reasons for Macbeths downfall. Macbeth also murders Banquo, because he suspects Banquo of knowing the truth. However, afterwards at the banquet, Macbeth sees apparitions again, this time the weirdo of Banquo. Macbeth develops paranoia, which leads Macbeth to go find the witches again to seek guidance.The loss of Macbeths honourable qualities and the reason Macbeth continues on the road to downfall is ultimately caused by his belief in the supernatural. Macbeths belief in the supernatural uncovers his fatal flaws. Because of Macbeths belief in the supernatural, he goes to find the witches again, and after seeing the apparitions he feels indestructible. Macbeth becomes overly ignorant, arrogant and exceedingly paranoid, he lets his belief in the supernatural get the better of him. Macbeth relies too much upon the witches apparitions he has no doubts and believes I strike a charmed life which most not yield to one of woman born. Macbeth feels that no one can harm him and t ake his throne, so he tells the servants to bring me no more reports, let them locomote all. Macbeth does not care about anything any longer he truly and completely believes he is invincible.Despite the witches telling Macbeth the prophecies and Lady Macbeth pushing him to murder the King, it was Macbeth that commits the regicide and continues on to the murder of Banquo. Macbeths downfall is a result of his belief in the supernatural. His weakness is relying too much upon the witches apparitions, which subsequently unveiled all his personality flaws and ultimately caused his downfall.

Gender Representation Essay Example for Free

Gender pattern Es ordainHow stereotypical be the delegacys of Gender in my chosen texts?My chosen texts are The Inbetweeners , X doer and BBC News. All three texts represent gender in different ways yet I wouldnt say that any of them truly represent both genders in stereotypical ways.In The Inbetweeners the main uses are envisi unrivalledd in a really stereotypical way at first glance, they are boystrous and objectify women in the crude way in which they speak about them. Yet when you look deeper into their characters you realise that they are non typical at all. The fe young-begetting(prenominal)s in the show are typical in a sense that they are pretty, well dressed and are purely there for the male gaze. It is this male gaze that ultimately makes them more powerful than the males in the series as they have the power to either sleep with, or not sleep with the males which takes all control away from the men which is not a typical trait.When you think of a typical male in tv they are strong, handsome and in control, this is not always apparent(a) in The Inbetweeners which supports the masculinity in crisis theory which states that males are no longer the dominant sex in modern society. Women may be objectified still but they use their sex appeal to there reinforcement and get their own way leaving the males powerless. You do how ever have the very typical character of Jays dad which is a hyperbolic example of a male as he passes gas, swears and acts in a completely innaproriate way for the comedic value.The X Factor has a very contrasting representation of gender. In one way the male characters are very stereotypical as they have the power to say yes or no to the acts as judges. Males are stereotypically known for being in a position of power so this is a typical representation. Yet you have Dermot Oleary who is very masculine in his appearance yet is very caring and sympathetic for the contestants.This is not typical as males arent usually show n to have a caring expression or emotions as that is left for the women. This again supports the theory of masculinity in crisis. The Female Judges do not have a very typical representation. They are in a position of dictum and power and to an extent in the new series do have more power than the male judges as they are more forceful and get their point across better. This is not typically the way women are represented fitting into the theory of Masculinity in crisis.The BBC news is very a great deal like the X Factor. When the males are the anchors they are in a position of power and knowledge which is a typical representation. They appear to the nation as a pillar of knowledge and the public give them a vast amount of respect which is typical of the representation of men. When the women are anchors they too are looked upon as a pillar of knowledge and are given the same respect which does not fit into the typical representation of a female.

Economic Implications on Social Media Essay Example for Free

Economic Implications on well-disposed Media EssayThe tuitions in the learning technology sector shorten led to facilitation in study sharing across the globe in what has been referred to as kindly media. The internet has brought many changes in the management man-to-mans across the world interact. Through the use of fond media, individuals are up to(p) to exchange photographs, videos, post their thoughts on blogs and take part in discussions that takes lace online. kindly media allows the people, organizations, companies and governments to be able to reach large verse of people with a lot of ease. This paper shall give an overview of how the well-disposed media has impacted on the stinting farming of ripening in the society by analyzing both the corroboratory and the negative impacts. friendly Media genial media refers to the assorted internet based and mobile function which allows the substance abuser to take part in online exchanges, contributing user- s pend a pennyd cloy and being able to join the online community. It in addition refers to the tools and technologies that enable an online interaction, net incomeing, sharing and collaboration.thither are various operate internet services that are usually associated with friendly media which includes blogs, wikis, societal bookmarking, kind network sites, status updates services, realistic word depicted object and media sharing site (Dewing, 2010). Blogs is a short form of web log which fuck be described as an online journal in which pages are put on view in an overturned chronological order. The blogs can be hosted for free on various websites including WordPress and Blogger among others. Wikis on the other blow over refers to collective websites in which any angiotensin-converting enzyme participating can modify the pages or create their new pages using a Web browser.A wakeless example of a wiki is the Wikipedia which is a free online encyclopedia that utilizes the wiki technology. Social bookmarking sites are those sites which allow the users to allot and organize links to websites for instance the Delicious, Digg, and Reddit. Social network sites are the web-based services which enables the individuals to pee a public or semi-public profile in a delimited system. The individuals are similarly able to articulate a list of other users whom they share connection thus being able to fly through and view their list of connections and those of others in the system.Such sites include Facebook, MySpace, and Windows Live Spaces amongst others (Dewing, 2010). Status-update services are also referred to as micro-blogging services are more like hearty network sites but they allow individuals to share short updates and also be able to view updates from others. A good example is the twitter services. realistic world content on the other hand offers a game-like virtual environment for the users to interact. A good example of this would be the imaginary w orld that is created in Second Life whereby users can create avatars to interact with each other.Avatars are the virtual representations of the users. Mediasharing sites are those which enable the users to post videos or photographs for instance the You provide and Flickr. It must be noned that some of these categories do overlap for instance twitter can be conceiveed as both a social network site as well as a stats update service (Dewing, 2010). Social media is sufficient of affecting the manner in which individuals interact online. Social media is cognize to indeterminate up new ways for cooperation and dialogue in todays world. Most of the content posted in social media whitethorn remain there permanently at least by default.The content may also be accessible, replicable, and searchable. Social media can therefore be employ anywhere, and at any moment provided that there is internet connectivity in the area. Such factors are responsible for shaping of the kinetics of the social media. The fact that the players in the social media are usually invisible raises various questions regarding the framework, correctness and unambiguousness regarding the communication. The identity operator and motives of those who post contents in the social media are non always clear (Dewing, 2010).Evolution of Social Media The internet became popular in the last two decades and web sites which allowed individuals to create and upload content started visual aspect with the first network site utter to hold up appeared in 1997 for the first time. The first social network site to be launched was called SixDegrees. com and it was followed soon by many others at the turn of the millennium. In 2002, there was an thrill in the number of social network sites with some surging to popularity only to fade in a little while such as the Friendstar.However, others were able to develop niche communities for instance MySpace appealed to adolescent music enthusiasts (Dewing, 2010). Towards the end of the first decade of the second millennium, social media was widely accepted, for instance by the year 2009, Facebook make the announcement that its users were well over 350 million worldwide (Dewing, 2010). There are a number of factors that have led to a surge in the social media participation which include technological factors, social factors and economic factors.Technological factors include things such as readily obtainable broadband, improvement in software tools, and the development of more powerful computer and mobile services. Social factors on the other hand include the rapid uptake of social media by the young generation while the economic factors include the growth in commercial interests in the social media sites and affordability of computers and related software (Dewing, 2010). Impacts of Social Media Since the widespread usage of social media is a recent phenomenon, social and economic implications can only be barely understood.Some quarters wie ld the belief that social media is causing isolation amongst the people whereas others believe that social media has broaden democratic participation. tally to a look conducted by statistics Canada We should expect neither a dysfunctional society of loners nor a joyful society of happy net-workers. Rather, we are facing a society that is differently cohesive from the one we have cognise. There do not appear to be any significant differences in the number of social ties or in the amount of social interaction between Internet users and non-users.Instead, the Internet is providing ways of nurture participation with community members and enhancing analogyships, including through social media (Dewing, 2010, para 10). Social media has also had economic impacts in regard to the manner in which what is contained in the social media is created and consumed. This can be summed up to the growth in the information and communication sector of the economy. In most economies, growth in this sector of the economy has been tremendous regular surpassing the overall economic growth.Many business firms and organizations have also incorporated social media in their merchandiseing strategies (Dewing, 2010). Socio-economic Impacts The socioeconomic theory appears to be spearheading the deflationary cycle more than the financial or the semipolitical economics. Previously, the Keynesian and libertarian theories were believed to be the key players in the deflationary cycle. According to the socio-economic theories, it is claimed that in order for us to choose tabu of the deflationary cycle, there is need to view it as both a sociological and financial problem.The solution is therefore to be form in the ground-breaking technology which promises huge profits to be used in investment so as to commence the next boom cycle, and snap the society forbidden of the predicament created by the economic downturn. Social media could play a role in mitigating the damages that prove fr om the deflationary cycle. It could also be instrumental in the construction of the next opportunities for technological innovations (Fischer, 2009). Understanding the purpose economic potential is very crucial and dependant on the revolution of the social media.Social media is known to utilize technology in enhancing the peoples ability to interact with others. Social media is to be found in interaction, connection, perpetrate and relations that are driven by technology. In regard to business, this implies establishment of trust and carry of communication which supports and enables collaboration and building of engaged teams through the removal of barriers and frustrations that were created by formal structures. Social media particularly in regard to collaboration has the potential to unlock the hidden knowledge in organizations when required.It also lowers the appeal of software via open source cooperation, easing the finding of appropriate information, and making organizatio ns to be more responsive. These are however cultural changes that occurs gradually. Nevertheless, the promise for change is there even though it might take much persistenter time. However, the technological investment that is required to bring about these changes is quite cheaply available (Fischer, 2009). With social media, change is bound to happen.Social media has the prospects of creating more effective organizations via the collaboration, providing a greater variety of information services at low cost through mashups and open source, and a lower cost to crossroad and service messaging, when the product and service has great appeal(Fischer, 2009, para 7). Similarly, social media has detrimental impacts on the set up industries. The conventional publicizing media has become decreasingly effective due to the increasing numbers of the individuals who are networked and therefore concerned to one another. It is imperative to observe thatFriend of a friend referrals, rating site s or consumer oriented websites go out become the norm and rely on their objectivity to maintain trust with their followers, therefore are not as subject to trying to manipulate their audience based on the promise of big advertising revenue (Fischer, 2009, para 8). There is no doubt that manipulation is part of the social media practice though the ability for any individual to broadcast and gain audience to the large network in the social media indicates that it is not an easy task and it is destined to be the exception and not the norm in the long run (Fischer, 2009).The distribution of retail products may also come to the forefront due to the social media influence. delinquent to the fact that e-commerce has been enhanced in the recent past owing to a revolution in the social media, some social observations have been made in regard to marketing trends for instance, there has been a relation drawn between the trends on how particular products are moved in the market. Such observa tions may be observed as individuals who bought product X also bought product Y.Large business organizations may also offer lower prices and utilize the social media to achieve the personal touch, a domain previously associated with small business organizations. This has been geared towards the commodization of products that are produced on a large scale and the futuristic markets with the chances of realizing monumental profits. The markets of the future are said to be niche markets that would require subject emergence expertise and customization (Fischer, 2009). The gains of the social media in economic venture may be offset by the unsettling role associated with it in the conventional industries.In the past, any technological changes would result in obvious and simple routes to massive increases in the mathematical product and demand. However, with the social media, increase in productivity and demand over a short time is not palpable due to the fact that it requires cultural changes together with the technological transformations. Eventually, as the cultural changes are realise over time, massive increases in the production may be realized however, in the short name social media can not be used to provide an obvious path for investment capable of leading to gains in effectiveness and productivity (Fischer, 2009).There is this argument that tightly knit society has the efficacy to survive economic stress better compared to a loosely knit society. Social media ensures that the world is distort in complex interactions and also offers individuals with something to do when they are not involved in an economic activity. This is move by what can be referred to as character economics which is designed to motivate individuals to engage in activities such as creating open source software, report on events, and many more information services that would have required individuals to pay for before the advent of the internet.This allows for rich content and gr owth of valuable products to be carried out devoid of investment and yet with returns for instance a business entity that hosts their websites on Linux servers or uses open office to create and manage documents (Fischer, 2009, para 9). To add on the long term effectiveness of the social media which include the creation of complex systems like an operating system at relatively low cost it could also enable the development of new innovations presenting a clear path that shall increase production and demand.The deflationary cycle that is predicted by the socio-economic theories could only be shortened if only we are able to find out the kind of innovation required and be able to bring it more quickly (Fischer, 2009). Social media is said to provide revenue to both the users and platforms. It has to be noted that social media better known as social computing is a driver for competitiveness. The effects of social computing may be seen on the effort itself for instance, the development i n the social media or the information and communication technology sector.It can also be observed in other industries that uses the social computing. There is evidence that more targeted marketing and user research which are reliant on user profiles and content interest are opening new channels to markets (Pascu, 2008, para 11). There are emergent employment possibilities vial social networks and new opportunities to utilize user innovations in developing the products or as an intermediate between organizations and consumers (Pascu, 2008). The impact of social media can not be wished away as insignificant.This is because, faced with the modern reality where social media provides a platform for the consumers, competitors and the market place to discuss products, services and employees. All this is carried out online whether its a protest group on Facebook (United Airlines Sucks ), a persistent hashtag on Twitter (attfail) or just a meme that travels from blogger to Blogger (Taylor, 2 009, para 5). At this juncture, it does not matter as to whether it is of importance to probe into the social networks. What is of importance is whether one is paying attention to the social media where the heart and soul has gone to.This means that the customer to the company products is the one to define the brand in the market. This is quite contest as it means that those organizations with acceptable products are bound to be reap benefits even with minimum mark and marketing strategies whereas those companies that are considered bad by the customers are destined to suffer from a bad reputation even when they spent more money to advertise themselves and try to position themselves as market leaders (Taylor, 2009). It is therefore important for organizations to take time and monitor what is going on in the social media.There are various services at the disposal of whoever would like to monitor the social media which include the individual services such as Search. twitter. com an d more complicated ones such as Filtrbox and Radian 6. For happy business undertaking, there is need for organizations to embrace the social media which provides an avenue to engage with the customers. Interaction on the social media with the customers is crucial and thus joining these sites for creating new bully pulpits for the organizations marketing and sales messages without seemly interaction with the customers is not commendable (Taylor, 2009).The organizations can not be isolated from the social media as they create a powerful impression with the capability of having a lasting impact that may prove to be hard to change. Accompany with a bad reputation might score poorly even with gimpy advertisement due to evaluations that are obtained from the social media. It is therefore important to address the problems that are affecting the organizations one by one rather than spending huge sums of money in advertising the products (Chong, 2010). ConclusionSocial media has been a ne w discovery in the information and communication sector and that its impacts on the economic development are worthy noting. The economic impacts of social media are two fold and may bring positive results or negative results to a business organization. With social media, the consumers of the company products are able to talk about the products, services and competitors and definitely such discussions are to impact on the business entity either for better or for worse. Social media can therefore have far reaching repercussions on the business organizations in foothold of profitability. ReferenceChong, S. , (2010). Nothing Can save Negative Buzz on Twitter. Retrieved on twenty-sixth July 2010 from http//www. penn-olson. com/2010/07/02/nothing-can-save-negative-buzz-on-twitter/. Dewing, M. , (2010). Social Media 1. An Introduction. Retrieved on 26th July 2010 from http//www2. parl. gc. ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/2010-03-e. htm. Fischer, K. , (2009). Exploring the economic imp act of social media. Retrieved on 26th July 2010 from http//www. web20blog. org/2009/03/24/exploring-the-economic-impact-of-social-media/. Pascu, C. , (2008). ERoSC-The Socio-economic Impact of Emerging Social Computing Applications.Retrieved on 26th July 2010 from http//docs. google. com/viewer? a=vq= accumulatedHneLXVRkYgJwww. foresight-network. eu/index. php%3Foption%3Dcom_docman%26task%3Ddoc_view%26gid%3D352+Economic+Implications+on+Social+Mediahl=engl=kepid=blsrcid=ADGEEShixNJSG5ddAxmDsp3_H0NmsZ-LetSdSeKnGykkb0y_4ruRrW-EstMaeGHfs16v1u66MJlBbpW-WIgVRxtCabedvJWeojTeW4mfj7Z70xD-y31hAWGz7VhQwakzAylysKUUV0NNsig=AHIEtbRbStc-eBG_GjfGNgsEL-OmZ0oP8g Taylor, D. , (2009). Whats the impact of social media on business growth? Retrieved on 26th July 2010 from http//www. intuitive. com/blog/impact_of_social_media_twitter_facebook_business_growth. html

The Boston Beer Company Essay Example for Free

The chapiter of Massachusetts Beer bon ton EssayOverview The capital of Massachusetts Beer Comp whatsoever has had amazing victor in its transition from a elegant scale microbrewer to a bouffant scale bailiwick brewery. Al to the high ge atomic number 18st degree all of the companions success is collectible to the surface-to-air missileuel Adams lager beer product line, which has hardly changed from the founding of the caller-out in 1984, to the IPO in 1995, to the bear witness day. In fact, much of the appeal of surface-to-air missileuel Adams comes from its microbrew image and the fo em stoprassed, Jim Kochs, commitment to the create from raw material process and a premium beer. In recent years, however, the confederacy has implemented a new outline for ontogenesis which has included introducing a abstemious beer that will nonplus more(prenominal) mainstream appeal. bandage this has change magnitude profits for the telephoner, it has also left the conjun ction vulnerable to entering by diluting its brand hold. For this reason, the friendships strategy for the immediate future day has to make a substantive shift, from a strategy of product to a strategy of protection.It must focus on maintaining its on-going profits by preventing entry both from diminutive breweries looking to copy the BBCs strategy and from s come uped breweries looking to use their expansive resources to steal some of BBCs commercialise sh ar. History of capital of Massachusetts Beer The capital of Massachusetts Beer association began as a microbrewery in capital of Massachusetts, Massachusetts in 1984. Its first cases of beer were only s emeritus to capital of Massachusetts bars, but the company quickly branched out geographically. Fueled by awards and recognition from p alightigious beer festivals, surface-to-air missileuel Adams capital of Massachusetts Lager was available on much of the East Coast by the late 1980s and nationally by 1992.The compan y went public on the New York Stock Exchange in 1995. The capital of Massachusetts Beer lodges strategy for growth was ace of differentiation. The company created a higher(prenominal) feel beer than the majority of Ameri give the sack beers by using more expensive ingredients and less(prenominal) water, and it used its packaging and its commercials to advertise this commitment to quality. In fact, because of its use of only barley, hop, yeast, and water as its ingredients, Samuel Adams win the honor of world the first American beer to be sold in Germany, a distinction that helped its image in America even more.One concern strategy that the company employed as it started to grow was using extra create from raw material space in other companys breweries to brew their beer. Since the company was growing at a double human body rate, it didnt cast cancelled a address of extra capital to build its own breweries, so this was a good strategy for them during their period of growt h. And, since these breweries were distributed throughout the country, this strategy granted the capital of Massachusetts Beer Company to maximize the freshness of the beer it sold.In fact, the like a shot famous practice of printing a freshness label on bottled beer was started by the Boston Beer Company on its Samuel Adams Boston Lager. The company ensured quality production in these disperse breweries by hiring experienced brewmasters to oversee the contract brewing. The company also brewed some beer on its own property, both in Boston and later in a plant they purchased in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 2002, the company took a risk by introducing Sam Adams pass, a light beer version of their Samuel Adams Lager.They had neer produced a light beer before, and it was Kochs stance that the company couldnt brew a light beer that would be up to their standards of flavor. The expanded client base that the company would target with the sale of a light beer was too lucrative a market to ignor e, however, and the light beer market was almost devoid of any pause Beers, so after three years of development Sam Adams lighten up was born. The advertising expenditures for 2002 change magnitude by 25. 7% or $20. 6 million over 2001 due to the promotion of Sam Adams dispirit2, which magnified the financial risk of producing and selling it.The new beer had the short term exploit of attracting new consumers to the Samuel Adams brand, although the long term effect has yet to be seen. The growth of the Boston Beer Company was real impressive, and can be attributed to a superior product, good business strategy, and an unsaturated market for high-quality beer. But now there ar new challenges facing the company. There are always new fads in the beer manufacturing flowing trends are low-carb beers and fruityflavored malt beverages. The Boston Beer Company ineluctably to decide which of these trends to respond to, and how torespond to each. higher up all the company needs to c ontinue its strategy of differentiation that allowed it to achieve its current profitability. It is its image for quality above major American beers like Budweiser, Coors, and Miller that allows it to bread and butter its prices, and its profits, high. Current Industry Analysis The Boston Beer Companys product is a develop beer. A better beer is defined as both a forge beer or an import, and is characterized by higher prices and quality. A trade beer is defined as one which is brewed with 100% malted barley as its grain.The major American beer companies typically use a smorgasbord of malted barley along with other grains such as rice or corn, since these are less expensive and pretend less full-bodied flavors. Rivals in the better beer perseverance include such hostile companies as Corona, Heineken, and Guinness, as well as home(prenominal) companies such as Sierra Nevada, Petes, and a anatomy of microbreweries around the country. While the beer industry overall is actual ly rivalrous, the better beer industry is not so, as evidence by high profit margins (the Boston Beer Company routinely posts profit margins of over 50%).The competitor that does exist tends to revolve around quality contention rather than price competition. There are many substitutes for better beer. All alcoholic beverages are substitutes for the Boston Beer Companys product, although the two c overlookst substitutes are major American beers and flavored malt beverages wine and spirits are less relevant substitutes for the suggests of this analysis. Budweiser, Coors, and Miller are all hulky brand name beers which ache low prices and low quality compared to better beers. legal injury sensitive consumers typically buy these beers. Smirnoff Ice, Skyy Blue, and Bacardi Silver are all similarly priced to the better beers, but they have fruitier flavors and therefore appeal to consumers with a different taste preference. The suppliers for the Boston Beer Company are similar to th e suppliers for any brewery. Supplies that must be purchased include the ingredients like water, barley and hops, the equipment for brewing, and the transportation for distributing beer around the country.The ingredients are actually very inexpensive compared to the other two cost, and suppliers of barley and water dont have a lot of bar realiseing power since these industries are fragmented. The hops industry, however, is more centralized. In order to ensure adequate hops supplies at prices known in advance the company regularly purchases hops futures. The company also employs an self-asserting contract brewing strategy. Under this policy almost 60% of the companys products are brewed at noncompany owned breweries. By utilizing the excess capacitance of geographically distributed breweries, the company can keep equipment and transportation costs low while providing a fresher and thus higher quality product.This brewing approach carries internal risks by giving potential rivals s ome control over the companys production aptitude. thusly the company is currently involved in a lawsuit with Miller after Millers attempt to back out of a brewing contract early. To protect itself from these risks the company enters into contracts with a divers(a) set of brewers for a much larger amount of beer than they actually produce.This redundant capacity is meant to shield the company from any minute of contract brewers defaulting on their contracts. Buyer bar amassing power doesnt have significant influence on the Boston Beer Company since their buyers are grocery stores and bars. The grocery industry and the bar industry are both fragmented, so each store or bar that buys from the Boston Beer Company comprises a very small amount of total company gross sales, and the hurt of any one buyer wont significantly hurt the company.Complements in the better beer industry include the popularity of bars, snack foods like pretzels and nachos, and flashy events like football gam es. While the Boston Beer Company doesnt depict any of these complements, they do provide some amount of client education. Customer education includes advertising awards the company has won, advertising their brewing processes, and trade attention to their premium ingredients. This serves to convince people of the superior quality of Samuel Adams, thereby convincing them to pay a premium price.Customer education is a fairly clever and successful strategy for a number of beer companies, but it benefits better beers more than lower quality beers, so the Boston Beer Company could probably present advantage of this by focusing more on customer education. The BBC also has an advantage over small high-quality breweries because its economy of scale allows more customers to be reached per dollar spent on customer education. Any company in the beverage industry has the potential to enter Samuel Adams market, and it is always crucial for a company to be aware of possible entry from all sid es.Companies that make wine, spirits, or malt beverages could all enter the market, and we have actually seen in recent years that spirits companies have been expanding into new markets by producing malt beverages under the name of the parent spirits company. However, the most dangerous potential entrants would be other beer companies. Other cheat breweries that sell their beer on a small scale aptitude attempt to copy the BBCs strategy to grow into a national brand and steal some of BBCs market divvy up. Also, major American breweries could use their expansive resources to brew high quality beers that could compete with Samuel Adams on a national level.A third, and even more threatening possibility, would be the combination of these two forces a major brewery could buy a high quality microbrewery and use their national advertising and distribution infrastructure to market the microbrew to the public on a large scale. Given the Boston Beer Companys high profit margins and the rel atively low level of rivalry within their market, it is very likely that entry will occur and erode outside(a) at BBCs profits if BBC is unprepared. We believe that responding to this possibility should be at the forefront of the companys business strategy for the immediate future.The Boston Beer Companys Strategy Using Reputation as an Entry Barrier The BBCs initial strategy was one of growth. This was fitting for it when it was a microbrewery looking to gain national and international sales. During its expansion in the early 1990s, the company took advantage of the fact that consumer demand for craft beers was change magnitude, while there were few other companies doing the same. Since the new market was unsaturated, the Boston Beer Company was able to acquit an inexpensive story for its Samuel Adams brand name by being the first large scale actor into the national craft beer market.By the late 1990s, the BBCs growth rate had begun to decline. In an effort to keep up growth, the company switched to a strategy of trying to increase the demand for craft beer. It did this through large scale advertising, and most significantly through the introduction of a light beer that brought light beer drinkers over to the better beer market. The Boston Beer Companys strategy was an effective one for many years, and enabled it to become the profitable national company that it is today.However, if the BBC wants to maintain its profitability, it will need to find a way to protect its market share from entrants, and this will require a shift in the companys strategy back to increasing its share of the break off Beer market rather than of the mainstream market. The biggest threats to the BBC are the major American beer companies, which have massive resources that would allow them to compete with the BBC. The BBCs two advantages over these major companies are experience and reputation, and the major companies could easily gain experience by buying an existing craft beer c ompany and utilizing its brewing procedures.Therefore, the BBC must protect its reputation at all costs, since its reputation is the only formidable entry barrier preventing Budweiser, Coors, and Miller from successfully invading Samuel Adams market. The companys best strategy would be to slow their growth in order to doing on strengthening their Samuel Adams Boston Lager brand name. Additionally, if the BBC diminishes its focus on growth, it could very well have the effect of reducing the incentive for these three major companies to enter the craft beer market, since the BBC will not be seen as so significant a threat.While there is a risk that slowing growth will leave the company vulnerable to entry by smaller companies, it is the large companies that have the most resources to compete with the BBC, so reducing the incentive for large companies to enter is worth the possible risk that more small companies will enter. The uniqueness and integrity that allowed the Samuel Adams br and to gain popularity are starting to be overshadowed by the companys attempts to gather more mainstream consumers, and this is hurting the companys brand name.The strategy for the future needs to focus on building back customer loyalty for the companys stub product line, i. e. Samuel Adams Boston Lager. First and foremost, the Boston Beer Company needs to continue reducing its expenditures on Sam Adams Light. During the introduction of Sam Adams Light in 2001-02, revenues and gross profit increased, but expenditures on advertising Sam Light were extremely high, and much of the sales of Sam Light were thought to be due to cannibalism of Samuel Adams Boston Lager.In 2003 when advertising of Sam Adams Light was decreased, sales of the light beer dropped significantly. Although Samuel Adams Boston Lager sales increased during the period between the fourth quarters of 2002 and 2003, overall shipments dropped 6% during this period3 because of the lowered demand for Sam Light after the decline of the Sam Light marketing campaign. However, even though sales were lower, net income was higher after the end of the marketing campaign4. The company should therefore continue to keep its advertising levels for Sam Adams Light low.In admittance to the high financial cost of advertising Sam Adams Light, it is likely that the large-scale marketing of Sam Adams Light could hurt the company in the long run by diluting the Samuel Adams brand name. The purpose of Sam Light is to appeal to mainstream beer drinkers, but the companys consumer base is comprised of individuals who pride themselves on intoxication a beer that is not mainstream. With potential entrants looming from above and below, the Boston Beer Company can not afford to lose its reputation for uniqueness.Still, Sam Light is a good revenue stream as a affix to Samuel Adams Boston Lager, but it should cease to be the companys main focus. The Twisted Tea and intemperate Core products are malt beverages that the co mpany produces on a small scale. These brands are unnecessary for the companys success, and if the company adopts a strategy to focus on Samuel Adams Boston Lager then it would be advantageous to eliminate these products. While the products dilute the companys brand name in a similar way to Sam Adams Light, they dont provide nearly the revenue that Sam Light does.By either selling or closing down these brand names, the Boston Beer Company can distance itself further from the malt beverage industry and improve its positioning as a Better Beer company. Dumping these products would help the BBCs image of integrity in the eyes of their consumers, and this image will be crucial if the company is to protect its market share from entrants. There have been a number of seek entries into the Sam Adams market which demonstrate the need for quality and reputation.Coors owns Killians Irish Red and Anheuser-Busch owns Michelob and has a situation in Red Hook, all brands that have had poor succ ess in the Better Beer Market. Most consumers are well aware of the fact that Michelob is just another domestic beer sold at a high price, and so its a brand without much of a quality image. On the other hand, its not well known that Coors owns Killians since its brewed in Canada and has an import label. While this label might signal some quality in many consumers eyes, Killians has no reputation and no customer base.Finally, Red Hook was a quality microbrew ale with a good reputation and customer base that was bought by AB. Since this purchase in 1994 the depot price of Red Hook has plummeted from 30 to 2 and sales have been poor. While the reason for this is not exactly clear, its possible that this failure is due to a loss of integrity that occurred when the microbrew became owned by a major domestic brewer, or that AB simply wasnt able to operate that type of brewery. ABs failure in this attempt doesnt delegate that they will give up on entering the craft beer industry, howeve r, especially if craft beers grow to be more of the national market.With such high profit margins and a strong market position, the BBC might be tempted to increase sales by decreasing prices, but this strategy should definitely be avoided. The high prices for Samuel Adams Boston Lager and Sam Adams Light signal to consumers and other companies that these beers are of higher quality, and since demand in the Better Beer market is relatively inelastic, there would likely be no increase in net income if prices were reduced. decrease prices would cause the BBC to appear more of a threat to the three major American beer companies, and could therefore rush along the entry of one of these companies into the market.Due to the nature of the Better Beer industry, the company needs to strive for quality competition over price competition. With the introduction of Sam Light in 2002 the percentage of BBCs sales comprised of bottles vs. kegs increased since most Sam Light is sold in bottles, an d since Boston Lager sales declined slightly. While revenues are lower per barrel of draft beer, profit margins are higher due to lower costs per barrel. Additionally, beer served on tap is usually able to retain a higher quality than beer served from a bottle.For these reasons and others, it would be a good strategy for the Boston Beer Company to increase its emphasis on selling its beer in kegs to bars. While most grocery stores already carry Samuel Adams Boston Lager, there are sedate a large number of bars that dont have Boston Lager on draft, and this deprives many consumers of being able to drink the beer in its highest quality form while also depriving the company of the added revenue that bar sales bring in. Since the companys new focus needs to be on evince the quality of its beers, increasing the availability of its draft beer is in line with its strategy.An added benefit of increasing prevalence in bars is the opportunity for bartender education and consequent consumer education. The company should seriously consider providing literature close to their beer along with the kegs that they sell to bars, since educating bar owners and bartenders about the premium ingredients and freshness standards that the company holds will have a trickle-down effect to the beer drinkers. Continuing with this strategy of edging away from the mainstream, the Samuel Adams line should switch back to its original label.The current label is simple with few colors, similar to the major company labels, while microbrew labels typically have a more complex picture that distinguishes the brand. Switching back to the BrewerPatriot label would signal to both new and old customers that the BBC is committed their roots and to quality. Putting Excess Capital to Use If the BBC continues to be successful in fending off potential entrants and if it maintains its high profit margins while staying away from a growth strategy, then it needs a plan for investing its profits.In the past, profits have been invested in growth or in stock of other companies, but in line with the new strategy of slow growth, there might be areas in which their money could be better invested. Some of the money could be used to fund the customer education programs mentioned earlier, but it might also be wise to start owning more breweries. make brewing proved to be efficient and successful during their growth phase. Up until the late nineties they were increasing sales by double digits each year.At this time it would have been difficult to impossible for production capacity to keep up with sales, not to mention for the company to secure the necessary capital. However, in the past 5 years growth has slowed, and consistently high profits have led to large amounts of excess capital. BBC has been memory some capital liquid in short term bonds and mutual funds and using the rest of the capital to buy back company stock4. There are several reasons why contract brewing makes less sense now. F irst, the BBC has run into situations in which being a contract brewer has hurt the companys reputation.Anheuser-Busch used a dateline interview and ran a series of attack ads claiming Samuel Adams Boston Lager was no different from other domestic beers since much of it was made in the same breweries as these domestic beers5. The ads were eventually dropped when an advertising watchdog group found the ads to be factually incorrect, but the damage had been done6. brew all of their own beer would insulate them from such claims, reinforcing their reputation. Additionally Miller tried to back out of a large brewing contract7.BBC won in arbitration, but millions were lost in legal expenses and backup contracts which were never realized. The dispute also brought more attention to the fact that some Samuel Adams is made by the majors, diluting their brand name more. BBC already produces half of their own product, and sells excess capacity to other brewers. This indicates that the company a lready has the experience and know-how that it needs to operate their own breweries on some scale. With so much capital available and sales growth slow, BBC should purchase a few local breweries around the country to produce all of its product.Excess capacity in these breweries can be contracted out as is currently done in the companys Cincinnati plant. By owning and operating their own breweries, the BBC can avoid the damage to its reputation as well as the contract disputes that it has to incur by operating as a contract brewer. Conclusions The Boston Beer Company has try outn that it has a successful business strategy for growth. The companys management now needs to show that it can maintain its profitability at its current level by adopting a strategy that creates barriers for entry into the national craft beer market.Many conventional entry barriers can be overcome by either regional microbreweries, which have the experience necessary to brew quality beers, or by major America n breweries, which have the resources to market a new beer nation-wide. The one significant entry barrier that the Boston Beer Company still holds on to is its good reputation, which it gained both by being an early mover into the national craft beer market and by maintaining strict quality controls. As the company has matured it has drifted away from its reputation of uniqueness.In order for the company to maintain its hold on the American craft beer market, it will need to have-to doe with its reputation at all costs. Because the companys growth has slowed, it has an opportunity to use its excess capital to fund programs that help bolster its image as a high quality, high integrity brewer. If it continues to assure itself from major American breweries like Budweiser, Coors, and Miller, then despite the Boston Beer Companys smaller resources, it should still be able to hold its consumer base and protect its profits from entry into its market. References 1. Samuel Adams Company B ackground. 2. The Boston Beer Company, Inc. 2002 one-year Report 3. Boston Suffers Tough Fourth Quarter. Modern Brewery Age. http//articles. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m3469/is_8_55/ai_114921347 4. The Boston Beer Company, Inc. 2003 Annual Report 5. Contract Brewing. Lew Bryson. Copyright 2000. http//www. beveragebusiness. com/art-arch/mmbryson0201. html 6. A-B to modify ads attacking Boston Beer. Copyright 1997, Chautauqua Inc. http//www. allaboutbeer. com/news/industry/ab_ads. html 7. Brewery addition may be on tap. Copyright 2003, Cincinnati Post. http//www. cincypost. com/2003/04/02/brew04-02-2003. html.

High school graduates should take a year off before entering college Essay Example for Free

High school graduates should take a yr off before entering college EssayA woman takes a selfie from a high burdenA selfie is a type of self-portrait photograph, typically taken with a hand-held digital television camera or camera phone. Selfies are often associated with mixer networking, like Instagram. They are often casual, are typically taken either with a camera held at arms length or in a mirror, and typically include either only the photographer or the photographer and as many people as washbowl be in focus, which is much commonly kn hold as a group selfie Contents registerThe first known selfie, taken by Robert Cornelius in 1839Robert Cornelius, an American pioneer in photography, produced a daguerreotype of himself in 1839 which is also one of the first photographs of a person. Because the process was slow he was able to uncover the lens, exsert into shot for a minute or more, and then replace the lens cap. He recorded on the back The first light Picture ever ta ken. 1839.Early Edwardian woman taking her characterization in a mirror roughly 1900Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia taking one of the first teenage self-portraits The entry of the portable Kodak Brownie box camera in 1900 led to photographic self-portraiture becoming a more widespread technique. The method was usually by mirror and stabilizing the camera either on a nearby object or on a tripod while framing via a viewfinder at the top of the box. Russian Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna at the age of 13 was one of the first teenagers to take her own picture using a mirror to send to a friend in 1914. In the letter that accompanied the photograph, she wrote, I took this picture of myself looking at the mirror. It was very hard as my hands were trembling. The supposition of uploading group self-taken photographs (now known as super selfies) to the internet, although with adisposable camera not a smartphone, dates to a webpage created by Australians in September 2001 , including photos taken in the late 1990s (captured by the Internet roll in April 2004). The earliest usage of the word selfie can be traced as far back as 2002. It first appeared in an Australian internet forum (ABC Online) on 13 September 2002. Um, drunk at a mates 21st, I tripped ofer sic and landed lip first (with front teeth coming a very close second) on a set of steps. I had a hole about 1cm retentive right through my bottom lip. And sorry about the focus, it was a selfie.PopularityThe term selfie was discussed by photographer Jim Krause in 2005, although photos in the selfie genre predate the widespread use of the term. In the early 2000s, before Facebook became the dominant online social network, self-taken photographs were particularly common on MySpace. However, writer Kate Losse recounts that between 2006 and 2009 (when Facebook became more popular than MySpace), the MySpace pic (typically an amateurish, flash-blinded self-portrait, often taken in front of a bathroom mirror) became an indication of bad taste for users of the newer Facebook social network. Early Facebook portraits, in contrast, were usually well-focused and more formal, taken by others from distance. In 2009 in the image hosting and video hosting website Flickr, Flickr users used selfies to sop up seemingly endless self-portraits posted by teenage girls. According to Losse, improvements in designespecially the front-facing camera copied by the iPhone 4 (2010) from Korean and Japanese mobile phones, mobile photo apps much(prenominal) as Instagram, and selfie sites such as ItisMeeled to the resurgence of selfies in the early 2010s.

The History of Chocolate Essay Example for Free

The bill of Chocolate EssayDo you like java? Who doesnt like deep brown? Chocolate is a favorite food of many peck, solely only few people know about the tale of chocolate. That is why I am going to ask you to explore the history of chocolate by interpreting this essay. The history of chocolate begins with a plant whose scientific score is theobroma chocolate tree which pith food of the gods. According to the historians, the Mayan in Central America is the first who learned to plant the chocolate tree plants around 2. 000 eld ago. The Maya took the cacao trees from the rainforests and plant them around home.They cooked the cacao seeds then crushed them into a soft spread head. They mixed the paste with water and flavorful spices to make an unsweetened chocolate inebriety. Cacao and chocolate were an important part of Maya culture. thither are many images of cacao plants found on Maya buildings and art objects. Royal families drank chocolate at ceremonies. make up poor families of Mayan could enjoy the chocolate drink once in a while. Historians tell us that cacao seeds also used in marriage ceremonies as the sign of the union between a conserve and wife. The Aztec culture in Mexico also valued chocolate.Unfortunately, cacao plants could not conjure in the land where the Aztec lived, so they traded to get cacao plants. They even used cacao seeds as money to pay taxes. Only the really wealthy people of Aztec that could afford to enjoy chocolate drink because cacao was very valuable. The Aztec authority, Montezuma, believed that they had to drink 50 cups of chocolate drink every day. Some experts believe that the word chocolate came from the Aztec word xocolatl, which means piercingly water in the Nahuatl language. It was spelled variously as chocalatall, jocolatte, jacolatte and chockelet.Others believe the word chocolate was formed by unite the words of Mayan and Nahuatl. When the explorer Christopher Columbus did his fourth trip to Cen tral America in 1502, he encountered a great Mayan trading canoe on the island of Guanaja, Honduras, carrying a cargo of cocoa seeds. Then Christopher Columbus brought cacao seeds to Spain. He presented the King and Queen of Spain with the cacao seeds, exclusively Ferdinand and Isabella saw no worth in them. It was Hernando Cortez, a Spanish, who understood that chocolate which was made from cacao seeds, was valuable and could be commercialized.In 1519, Cortez arrived in Mexico. He believed that chocolate drink would be popular with Spaniards. Then, chocolate became very popular in Spain, so they needed to affix much cacao seeds. When the Spanish soldiers defeated with the Aztec empire in 1527 or 1528, the Spanish soldiers won the war, so they were able to seize the supplies of cacao, equipments and recipes from the Aztec to bring them home. Later, Spain began planting the cacao seeds in its colonies in order to supply the braggy demand for chocolate.Before, chocolate drink was made unsweetened, and it was Spanish court of King Charles V and the wealthy people in Spain who became the first people that enjoyed chocolate drink in sweetened version. It was greeted with excitement. At first, monks, hidden extraneous in Spanish monasteries, are appointed as the processors of cocoa seeds to keep chocolate a clandestine for abuttingly another century. Hernando Cortez built a cocoa plantation to grow money in the name of Spain, beginning a Spanish cocoa monopoly that lasted two centuries. It made a profitable industry for Spain, which place cocoa trees in its overseas colonies.In 1585, the first official shipments of cocoa seeds began arriving in Seville from Vera Cruz, Mexico. Later, the popularity of the chocolate drink spread by dint ofout Europe. The English, French, and Dutch began to plant cacao trees in their own lands. Until the 18th century, none but the rich and noble people could afford to drink chocolate. During the period known as the Industrial Revolution, spic-and-span technologies helped to produce chocolate in less cost. after the Industrial Revolution, not only wealthy people, but also mediocre people, even poor people can enjoy the sweetness of food of the gods, chocolate.Farmers grow cacao trees in many countries in Africa, Central and South America. The trees grow in shady areas of rainforests near the Earths equator, but these trees can be difficult to grow. They require the exact amount of water, warmth, soil, and protection. After about five years, cacao trees start producing tremendous fruits called pods, which grow near the trunk of the trees. The seeds inside the pods are harvested to make chocolate. Growing cacao is very hard work for farmers. They sell their harvest on futures market. This means that the economical condition outside of the control can affect the amount of money that they will earn.Today, chocolate industry officials, activists, and scientists are working with farmers. They are trying to m ake sure that cacao can be grown in a way that is fair for farmers and safe for the environment. To become chocolate, cacao seeds go through a long production process in factory. Workers must sort, clean and cook the seeds. Then they train off the covering of the seeds so that only the inside fruit (nibs) remain. Workers crush the nibs into the a soft nucleus called chocolate liquor. This gets separated into cacao solids and a fat called cacao butter.Chocolate makers of different chocolate factories contract their own special recipes in combining the chocolate liquor with exact amount of sugar, milk and cocoa fat. The finely crush this crumb mixture, so it becomes smooth. Then the smooth mixture goes through two more processes before it is shaped into a mold form. Pour the smooth mixture into molds or a large pan that then the chocolate can be cut into small bars. Let the chocolate alter and harden in a room temperature or in a fridge covered by foil. Then the chocolate can be p acked and sold. That is the chocolate that a modern people consume.